French Expressions Using Temps

French Expressions Using Temps The French word le temps truly implies time or climate and is additionally utilized in numerous colloquial articulations. Figure out how to state save time, work sharing, to interruption, and more with this rundown of articulations with temps. Potential Meanings of Le Temps time (however not when reading a clock in French)weather(grammar) action word tense(music) beat(science) stage, stage Articulations With Temps le TempsFather Timele temps daccã ¨s (computers)access timele temps dantenneairtimele temps darrã ªtpause, haltle temps astronomiquemean/cosmic timele temps atomiqueatomic timele temps composã © (grammar)compound action word tensele temps de cuissoncooking timele temps diffã ©rã © (computers)batch modele temps faibleweak beat, low pointle temps fortstrong beat, high pointle temps frappã © (music)downbeatle temps de guerrewartimele temps librespare timele temps littã ©raire (grammar)literary action word tensele temps mortstoppage, injury time; hush, slack periodle temps de paixpeacetimele temps de paroleair timele temps partagã © (computers)time-sharingle temps de present (photography)exposure/esteem indexle temps de rã ©actionreaction timele temps de rã ©ponseresponse timele temps de saignement (medicine)bleeding timele temps que subjunctiveby the time (that) basic pastle temps sidã ©ralsidereal timele temps basic (grammar)simple action word tensele temps solaire vraiappar ent/genuine sun oriented timele temps surcomposã © (grammar)double-compound tensele temps universeluniversal timele temps de valsewaltz timeun adverbe de temps (grammar)adverb of time, transient adverbun bon temps (sports)good time/resultle complã ©ment de temps (grammar)complement of time, fleeting complementla concordance des temps (grammar)sequence of tensesle travail temps choisiflextime, flexitimele travail temps partagã ©job sharingsaccorder un temps de rã ©flexionto give oneself opportunity to thinkarriver tempsto come just in timeattendre quelque tempsto hold up a whileavoir du bon tempsto have a good time, to have a decent timeavoir du temps devant soito have the opportunity to spareavoir le temps (de faire)to have time (to do)se donner du bon tempsto live it up, to have a decent timeã ªtre dans les tempsto be inside as far as possible, to be on time/time, to be alright for timeã ªtre de child tempsto take care of business/lady of his/her timefaire child tempsto serve ones time (in the military/prison), to have ones dayfaire un temps de Toussaintto have dim and miserable weathermarquer un temps darrã ªtto pausemettre du temps ( faire quelque chose)to set aside effort (to do something)passer le in addition to clair de child temps rã ªverto invest the vast majority of ones energy daydreamingpasser child temps ( faire)to invest ones time (doing)passer tout child temps ( faire)to invest all of ones time (doing)perdre du/child temps ( faire qch)to sit around/burn through ones time (doing something)prendre du bon tempsto have fun, to have a decent timeprendre le temps de faireto discover/make time to dotravailler plein temps/temps pleinto work full-timetravailler temps partielto work part-timetuer le tempsto kill time Au temps pour moi !My mistake!Avec le temps, à §a sarrangeraThings will get themselves straightened out in timeã‡a remonte la nuit des tempsThat returns to the beginning of time, Thats as old as the hillsã‡a se perd dans la nuit des tempsIts lost in the fogs of timeCela fait passer le tempsIt spends the timeCela prend trop de tempsIt takes (up) a lot of time, Its also time-consumingCest un signe des tempsIts an indication of the timesCà ©tait le bon tempsThose were the daysCe home ni le temps ni le lieu deThis is neither the time nor the spot for/toComme le temps passe ! How time flies!Depuis le temps que je te le dis ! Ive let you know frequently enough!Donnez-moi le temps deGive me brief toIl a pris child temps ! He took as much time as is needed (about it)!Il est temps deâ infinitiveIts time toIl est/serait (terrific) temps que  subjunctiveIts (high) time thatIl à ©tait temps !About time! In the scratch of time!Il faut bien passer le tempsYouve got the chance to sit back somehowIl faut à ªtre de child tempsYou need to move with the timesIl faut donner/laisser du temps au tempsYou need to give these things timeIl home in addition to temps deThe time for ___ is overIl home que temps deIts high time toIl ny a pas de temps perdreTheres no an ideal opportunity to loseIl y an un temps pour tout (proverb)Theres a perfect time for everythingJe me suis arrã ªtã © juste le temps deI halted sufficiently long toLa jeunesse na quun tempsYouth doesnt lastPrenez votre tempsTake your timeQuel temps fait-ilâ ? Hows the weather?Quels temps nous vivons !What times we live in!Le temps cest de largent (proverb)Time is moneyLe temps est venu deThe opportunity has arrived to, its time toLe temps home in addition to oà ¹Gone are the days whenLe temps perdu ne se rattrape jamais (proverb)Time and tide hang tight for no manLe temps presseTime is shortLes temps ont bien changà ©Times have changedLes temps sont durs !Times are hard!Vous avez tout votre tempsYou have constantly on the planet/a lot of time/all the time you need deux/trois tempsin twofold/triple time tempsin time temps perduin ones extra timeau bon vieux tempsin old fashioned daysces derniers tempslately, recentlyces temps-cithese daysces temps dernierslately, recentlycombien de tempshow much timedans lancien tempsin the bygone daysdans le bon vieux tempsin old fashioned daysdans ce temps-lat that timedans les derniers temps detowards the end ofdans un deuxiã ¨me tempssubsequentlydans les meilleurs tempsâ (sports)among the b est timesdans mon jeune tempsin my more youthful daysdans peu de tempsbefore longdans un chief tempsat first, to begin with, the first phasedans quelque tempsbefore long, in a (bit) whiledans le tempsin the days of yore, previously, formerlyde mon tempsin my dayde tout tempssince the start of timede temps autrefrom time to time, each now and thende temps en tempsfrom time to time, each now and thendepuis combien de tempsfor to what extent, for what amount of time, since whendepuis quelque tempsfor some time, its been some time sincedepuis le temps queconsidering to what extent, in all the time that, its been quite a while sincedu temps que tu y esâ (informal)while youre at iten ce temps-lat that timeen ces temps troublã ©sin these/those grieved timesen deux temps, trois mouvementsâ (informal)in twofold time, rapidly, before you could state Jack Robinsonen peu de tempsin a short timeen temps et en heurein due courseen temps et lieuin proper way, at the best possible time (and plac e)en temps normalusually, under ordinary circumstancesen temps opportunat the fitting timeen temps ordinaireusually, under typical circumstancesen temps utilein due timeen temps vouluin due timeen un temps oã ¹at a period whenentre temps, entre-tempsmeanwhile, in the meantimehors du tempstimelessil y a lover tempsfor a long timeil y a combien de tempsâ ? to what extent ago?les jeunes de notre tempsyoung individuals todayun moteur 4 temps4-stroke engineun ordinateur exploitã © en temps rã ©elreal-time computerpar les temps qui courentthese days, nowadayspar temps clairon a sunny morning, in clear weatherpendant ce temps(- l)meanwhile, in the meantimepeu de temps avant/aprã ¨sshortly previously/afterla plupart de child tempsmost of ones timela plupart du tempsmost of the timepour un tempsfor a whileles premiers tempsat first, in the beginningtout le tempsall the time

Experiencing Music Composition in Grades †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Experiencing Music Composition in Grades. Answer: Presentation: The last sythesis that I have done covers all the ideas that were shrouded in the classes as it offers a key chance to incorporate what has been realized. The name of my creation is returning, with Cubase program utilized for recording its sound. I recorded portion of the instruments that showed up in this sound while the rest were recorded from the MIDI programming, putting the thought and exercises done in classes to improve the creation adequacy. To all the more likely clarify the learning encounters and the creation, I have limited them done in 3 sections regarding the sythesis venture, picking the sound source and structure learning. To begin with the sythesis venture, the thought was enlivened in class when we were learning the harmonies on the ukulele. The manner in which the harmonies change and the tune from the harmonies has built up the fundamental structure of my organization. The week after week recordings have likewise helped a great deal in this piece in different ways, for example, retaining the key purpose of each class and increasing better comprehension of what we have realized and accomplished. The fundamental thought that I began with my piece was the week 6 about harmonies. Harmony is the spirit of the music, it tells the feeling. For instance, a dismal melody wont begin with significant C. Pretty much every tune begins with significant C are totally rendered a concordance and bliss (Kaschub Smith, 2017). Notwithstanding, the melody that begins with significant F generally rendered a chipper cadence, for example, the tunes rehearsed in class. Then again, Minor E will betterly affect a dismal tune . In such manner, I pick significant C to be the tune of my sythesis since it is my preferred harmony and it shows a positive mind-set and sounds quiet. For the sound sources, ten instruments have been remembered for my sythesis, they are Piano, guitar, pizzicato, drums, harp, villi on, bass, ringers and vocal. All the sound sources are amicable and sound positive. Despite the fact that there are ten sound sources in my structure the instruments are agreeable introducing an engaging sound. For the organization learning and accomplishment, the week after week notes and video assumed a significant job. Making structure that we have gained from class, I took in the contrast among structure and surface. The structure wherein the sythesis is done speaks to the idea of the music while the surface speaks to the idea of the connector. Having thought of the piece while at two distinct areas made it simpler for me to build up a substantial and clear structure (Oxford, 2004). Likewise for the music idea that we have learned in class, the tone shading and elements gave me a superior comprehension of picking the instruments. As I referenced previously, despite the fact that there are such a significant number of instruments in my creation it despite everything sounds harmonious.Moreover, the pentatonic scale is one of the key viewpoints that I like most on account of the blues style music which depend on pentatonic scale. In light of the class learning, I arbitrarily chose one of the significant scale scales 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 to locate the pentatonic size of this significant tune. As such, the fourth tone and the seventh tone were expelled, bringing about the end of the first half-tone in the significant scale. The subsequent tone comprised of an entire sound and minor thirds. This helped me with a portion of my backup instruments to accomplish a superior exhibition. Besides, subject and variety gave my piece a generally excellent ordinance sort of structure with solo piano and different instruments tailing consistently. This is essential to guarantee that the sound creation improves the individual tuning in to my arrangement. At long last, the tune is the spirit of the music simply like a harmony and depends on the harmony as instructed during class exercises. It was coordinated that, we need to make the song dependent on the harmony, which encourages me realize how to follow the harmonies and utilize the correct tone. References Oxford, E. C. (2004).Song sheets to programming: A manual for print music, programming, and sites for performers. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. Kaschub, M., Smith, J. (2017).Experiencing music creation in grades 3-5.

Top 10 Communication Tips 2011 #1 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Top 10 Communication Tips 2011 #1 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog We do our best to keep up with the volume of inquires our office receives but the reality is that size of our staff and the number of inquiries/applications makes it hard to keep up.   In past years the blog has featured a top 10 list with the intent of helping applicants receive the most efficient service possible from our office.   We know you want answers quickly and we want to do everything in our power to make that possible. Each year this list is updated in an effort to make communication with our office as easy and efficient as possible.   10 entries will be featured over the next couple of weeks and then compiled into a single entry for easy reference. In reviewing all of the entries please understand this is not an attempt to   dissuade you from contacting our office, rather the hope is to provide information that will allow you to receive a response as soon as possible and avoid delays. Number 1 â€" Always use the same email address when communicating with our office â€" this includes the email you use when you start your application. In addition we recommend NOT using an employer email address and always including your email address in the signature of your message (below your name). It is common for people to have at least three email addresses:   personal, work, and school (e.g. an alumni account). We highly recommend that you pick one email address and use it for your application and all communications with our office.   Doing so helps us to research your situation in the quickest and most comprehensive manner possible.   With several thousand people applying, just finding someone’s record can be a challenge. The first thing I do when I start to research an applicant’s inquiry or question is to plop the email address into my search bar.   If all of the emails are from the same account the process is greatly simplified. Also, I cannot tell you how often applicants email our office with a question and use a different address than the one on their application.   When looking someone up in our system   I do so by email address.   Thus if you email with a different address than the one you used when applying it takes much longer to pull up the appropriate application record. From personal experience I recommend against using an employer email address. The primary reason is that if you are admitted to SIPA you are going to leave your employer and your email account will be terminated.   Using your personal email address will avoid complications that can arise when you might request an email address change.   While it is possible to update your email we have several software systems so it can take time and possibly lead to missed communications. Do not be tempted to use an email address that you think will impress us.   For example you might feel that you should use your work email address because the company name is “impressive.”   Please use the email address that you consider to be your permanent address and one that you check frequently.   It is far less impressive to have to amend your record in our systems over time consistency is what impresses us.   Plus, we will see your employment history in your resume. The following are two bonus tips. First, please include your email address in the body of your email â€" for example below your name (an email signature with your email address included is highly recommended).   Sometimes emails get forwarded to other parties and only the body gets sent along.   If I just get the body and the header is left off, we have no email address to respond to and this leads to delays while we try to track down email contact information. From my experience this is a very common problem when people forward me emails from their Blackberry or mobile phone.   I cannot tell you the number of times a SIPA faculty or staff member has forwarded me a message and there is no visible email address.   So, just to make sure, I recommend setting up an email signature that includes your full email address. Second, make sure to check your junk mail box every now and then.   Every once in a while someone will send me a message and it will inexplicably end up in my junk email.   I recommended that you add our email address to your “approved sender” list and check your junk mail every once in while to ensure our messages are not being sent to where you will not be able to view them in a timely fashion.

Impact of Divorce and Children - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2434 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Divorce Essay Did you like this example? Abstract The rate at which divorce cases are increasing in the 21st century has become alarming not because spouses have finally realized that they are better off alone but because the social settings have made it difficult for the spouses to understand each other and live together as a single unit. These divorce cases have a lot of effects on the social, physical and psychological development of children of all ages including adolescents. This study reviews the impacts of parents separation on children and their wellbeing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact of Divorce and Children" essay for you Create order The paper scope will cover ways in which social, physical and psychological development of children is affected by the accelerated rate of divorce and how to incorporate treatment. This is because it significantly increases the risks of children depicting harmful behavioral patterns such as violence, abuse and aggression among others that put them in danger of social seclusion. The objective of this paper is to describe the effects of divorce on children and encourage healthy marriages. Introduction Divorce cases have increased due to domestic disagreements such as work related issues, infidelity and lack of purpose. These aspects place a heavier weight on the children who have to bear the burdens and negativities of divorce. For those children who are not able to answer for themselves, some of these divorce cases end up placing them under foster care. With limited access to substantial time to both parents, most of these children grow up with no moral direction and psychological breakdown which trickles down to their future relationships (Tarroja et al 2017, p.12). The hardship in their home seems to find its way into their lives especially if they do not get exposed to role models and mentors that shape their relationship lives after divorce. The immediate negative impact of divorce on children emotional wellbeing is undisputed. Based on meta-analysis research, children affected by divorce display poor emotional and physical outcomes compared to children from functional families. (Quinney Fout 2004, p.55). With most divorces taking two lines which are hostility and separation, it is unclear which of these two aspects affect children the most. For infants, regression, eating problems and excessive crying are some of the signals that they will give when they notice something is wrong at home. This is due to the change in environment whereby an infant notices that either the father or mother is not present as usual. For toddlers, stress and uncontrolled behaviors such as throwing things can be depicted. In as much as these may be viewed as a form of stubbornness, it is just a childs way of saying that he or she is aware of the change in condition. All these divorce issues come with consequences which affect the childs stability. To begin with, children have to move from one school to another in case one of the parents has to move to another place. This brings a new setup in the life of the child in that they have to reorganize their friends circle and environment. Secondly, living with a single-parent has consequences because there are things that a child can only learn from the father which will not be imparted into the child if the father is not around and vice versa. Thirdly, divorce brings about financial struggle in single-parent homes which means that there are some basic needs and luxury which the children were used to but cannot afford due to the change in status (Ballard et al 2014, p.124). In attempting to explain the effects of divorce, key areas such as the childs psychological wellbeing, physical and social will be consider alongside how these aspects are different in the lives of children with both parents. This is because children from intact homes have been found to do better in life as compared to children from divorced families living with single parents and minimal visit from the other parent. Literature Review According to research, over a million children suffer from divorce cases in America. Divorce significantly weakens the family and the relationship between children and parents because the attachment bond is broken. According to Quinney and Fout (2004) attachment between the parent and the child is so strong that it determines a childs personality and behavior throughout their lifetime (Quinney Fout 2004, p.57). The pain experienced by children at the beginning of a break up of a family makes them vulnerability to general distress as the family disintegrates. Focusing on the mother, it is very crucial that a child grows near his or her mother because once the mother is removed; the child will begin to detach themselves even from other caregivers no matter how friendly they may be. This makes them to show ambivalent aggression in as much as they long to be cared for at the same time. Key issues bringing about divorce can be outlined as poor communication between the spouses in that they do not talk about their needs and how to overcome their problems. Secondly, intimacy issues which arises from lack of satisfaction of one partner and built up resentment in the relationship due to a mistake that is considered as unforgivable. Financial strains and feelings of incompatibility can also lead to divorce. Studies done on the divorce effects on the social and psychological development of children designate that the pre-school kids population is the most prone to divorce, but for others, no age difference exist when it comes to divorce (Jeynes 2012, p.40). Children of divorce families were found to have resurgence sadness, some sort of grief coupled with fear and other emotional difficulties, such as aggression and poor educational achievement (Jeynes 2012, p.40). It also becomes hard for the children to adjust to their new life and this can be long term problem. This ma y lead to children having troubles concentrating at school, during class work which affects their school performance. Divorce at times diminishes childrens capacity to handle conflict as they have been experiencing family conflicts in most times of their lives. Also these children exhibit behavioral problems as they lack guidance and counseling from their parents. Divorce was also found to have specific impacts which can be termed as gender sensitive. First, aggression as an emotional impact was more common in boys than girls while depression was common among girls than boys. The adolescents often act out and get into troubles in school as a way of easing the pressure at home (Maxwell Evans 2014, p.5). Additionally, due to the lack of social support in terms of counseling, divorce was found to negatively impact the parent-child relationship in the family (Maxwell Evans 2014, p.5). Since these destructions weaken the family relationship, it results to destructive conflict management when the children grow to adulthood. Moreover, most of these children will not display behaviors such as cohabiting w hich is common among college students when they reach that age also the fear of having children will keep them away from healthy relationships because they are afraid to relive their childhood ordeals (Maxwell Evans 2014, p.28). Children who have experienced parental divorce have a wide range of emotional reactions including sadness, anger, lower satisfaction, lower self-esteem and lack of confidence. Divorce is also associated with incidences of mental health problems such as depression because of the huge change in their lives as they will have to choose the parents to live with especially when parents separate. Apart from this, withdrawal from friends and family, aggressiveness, and hyperactive behavior are also depicted based on the effect range from mild to severe. Since the distance between both parents is already created, satisfaction from the efforts of either one of them is diminished with increased resurgence of anxiety and anger (Ballard et al 2014, p.135). To salvage whatever is left of these childrens social, psychological and physical wellbeing, it is important to understand their characteristics such as gender and age at which the divorce took place in relation to the family characteristics su ch as socio-economic status, cultural background, ethnicity and childrearing. Treatment Divorce is always a trying timing for the entire family especially the children. Because of this a lot of caution should be taken while in marriage to prevent occurrence of a divorce. These may include occasionally visiting marriage counselors to improve physical and emotional intimacy between the spouses, talking about your needs which could be a great way to solve any dispute in the family and reconciling if possible. However, in the vent that none of these can happen then parents should provide support to the children by not neglect their needs as they wallow in the end of their marriage (Jeynes 2012, p.42). This can be achieved through cooperation and maintenance of a positive relationship even after divorce between one another which could possibly reduce the overall sense of conflict though sometimes it is impossible to entirely eliminate conflict especially when money is involved. The non-custodial parent should have regular visitation schedules with the children as this could minimize feelings of depression, inadequacy and abandonment. As explained earlier that divorce can be confusing for the children, it is very important to explain what is happening to the children and be willing to give nonjudgmental answers to the children (Quinney Fout 2004, p.63). Younger children may not be able to understand clearly the causes and consequence of divorce, but the parents can ensure that the divorce does not negatively influence their relationship with the children. The issue of one parent not being the custodian should not limit childrearing by both parents demonstrating to the children that in as much as the family structure is destroyed there is potential for linkage. Additionally, parents should be sure to provide extra love, support and care for the children at the time of separation. The affected children should be introduced to programs that could reduce the effects of divorce on them or rather help them to understand and cope with their parents decision to live separate lives. Basically, these programs fill the gap that has been created in the lives of the children by giving them role models and people to look up to who have been in the situation that they are in at the moment and come out stronger (Tarroja et al 2017, p.19). These individuals can mentor these children during these programs to ensure that they heal both psychologically, socially and physically. Relationship education can also be incorporated during these programs especially for adolescent children who saw nasty divorces which were characterized with abusive language and conflict. The education programs should be able to show them that there is another side of conflict resolution which does not require all the drama that they had seen. Environmental modeling can also help the children deal with social breakdown. Logically, cognitive development and moral conformity is important in the life of a child to ensure that they achieve general level of social wellbeing. For traumatized children, moving them out of the neighborhood where all these divorce aspects took place could help heal them especially if they are taken to a neighborhood where people love and would not discriminate them. For instance, if the child had grown fond of a grandparent, it would be feasible to send the child to the grandparents for a little while where they can unwind and forget about every other thing for a moment. On the other hand, it is better for the children to be in the care of someone they know well during this period than with a stranger in foster care who will only make them to retaliate rather than heal (Maxwell Evans 2014, p.17). Generally, treatment of children from divorce homes takes a lot of patience and love to make them understand why they are in that position, that it was not their fault and that they have a totally different life to choose rather than the one that they had seen crumble in their homes. Mentors and role models should ensure that these children understand that despite the difficulties of the present, the future can only be shaped by the choices they make. Summary Parents considering divorce should understand that no matter how old the child is, they need to be reassured that they will always be loved by both parents permanently. In addition to that, children should be allowed to love both parents and spend time with them as they will without being interfered with and intimidated to lean on one side regardless of whose fault or idea it was for the separation to occur in the first place. Mentors and role models are important in the life of a child whose home is going to have a divorce because they will act as counselors and source of hope to the child that things are going to be fine in the end. The psychological wellbeing of the child is the most affected during divorce. This is because children tend to develop negative behaviors as form of retaliation for what is happening in their lives. Some of these behaviors include recurrent anger, anxiety and fear of being left alone with no one to care. This effect trickles down to their academic performance as they perform poorly because they are having divided attention on what is going to happen next to either their mother, father and or other siblings in case they get separated to live in different homes. The broken bond of attachment makes them to become resentful to a whole lot of things no matter how little they may appear. I recommend that the social wellbeing of the child is not left out either especially when the child begins to isolate themselves from the society due to fear of intimidation. This makes them to have a low self-esteem about themselves as they focus more on what other people think about them. Additionally, they also avoid getting into relationships when they grow older to avoid a repetition of what happened to their parents to them. Generally, divorce has a lot of negative effects on the child wellbeing doing more harm than good thus parents should be encouraged to work out their differences. References Jeynes, W. (2012). Divorce, Family Structure, and the Academic Success of Children. doi:10.4324/9780203048764 Ballard, R. H., Rudd, B. N., Applegate, A. G., Holtzworth-Munroe, A. (2014). Hearing the Voice of the Child in Divorce. Psychology, Law, and the Wellbeing of Children, 121-137. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199934218.003.0008 Maxwell, L. E., Evans, G. W. (2014). Children and the Physical Environment. Wellbeing, 1-30. doi:10.1002/9781118539415.wbwell065 Tarroja, M. C., Balajadia-Alcala, M. A., Catipon, M. A. (2017). Children of Divorce. Oxford Clinical Psychology. doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780198765844.003.0016 Quinney, D. M., Fouts, G. T. (2004). Resilience and Divorce Adjustment in Adults Participating in Divorce Recovery Workshops. Journal of Divorce Remarriage, 40(1-2), 55-68. doi:10.1300/j087v40n01_04

Julius Caesar Power Of Speech - 921 Words

Marissa Cheslock Mrs. Satchwell Honors English 9 B3 9 October 2017 The Power of Loyalty William Shakespeare, one of the most profound writers in all of history, skillfully used the character of Mark Antony in his play, Julius Caesar, in order to verify true the theme that loyalty and respect are two of the most extremely convincing tactics. He demonstrates the power of speech as he is manipulating words in order to prove a certain point in the speaker’s favor, whoever that may be. Mark Antony was a man who enjoyed spending the majority of his time at extravagant parties and receiving everything he wanted at his sudden demand. Shakespeare created Antony to be an expert in speech manipulation, which ended up making Julius Caesar to be what†¦show more content†¦On a slightly different note, Antony later expresses an opinion that causes the reader to question the validity of his earlier statements. â€Å"This is a slight unmeritable man, / meant to be sent on errands† (JC 4.1.13-14). While speaking directly to Lepidus, Antony seem s to be remotely kind and friendly. However, once Lepidus leaves the room to complete Antony’s requests, Antony complains about him endlessly to Octavius... If he is capable of being that secretive of his true opinions about Lepidus, who is to say that he is not doing something of a similar manner whilst speaking of Julius Caesar? How can he be sure that his cover, word and plot manipulation, will keep everybody happy forever? There seems to be no one-hundred percent certainty that Mark Antony is truly a whole, good, and honest man. Finally, at the very end, Antony makes one last scholarly remark, truly convincing the audience that he is deserving of respect, simply because of his own policy of loyalty. â€Å"This was the noblest Roman of them all† (JC 5.5.74). In this line, Antony is referring to Brutus, after he had killed himself alongside the assistance of Strato, who held his sword as he ran into it aggressively, because Brutus would rather have died than remained with the gruesome thought that if he and Cassius had lived, they would simply be forced into slavery if they returned home. Shame, inShow MoreRelatedThe Power of Mark Antony’s Speech in Julius Caesar and Winston Churchill’s Speech, Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat782 Words   |  4 Pagesauthor must decide. In the case of Mark Antony’s speech at Caesar’s funeral in The Tragedy of Julius Caesar and Winston Churchill’s speech at the start of World War II, â€Å"Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat† are two speeches dealing with aggression towards a certain matter. Antony’s speech was created to gain the trust of the Plebeians and take sides with him concerning whether or not Caesar was killed for the good of Rome claimed by Brutus. 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Soon after, Mark Antony gives a terrifically-persuasive speech that he claimsRead MoreThe Power Of Words : Julius Caesar1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe Power of Words (Major Assignment: Julius Caesar Analysis) Initially, the thought of having at least a dynamic character with some sort of clemency to live from their mistakes would be conspicuous in most analogies, but â€Å"Julius Caesar,† written by William Shakespeare, is no exception. This tragedy took place in an era where mythological divinities were once believed; hence, this play settled across the capital of Rome, Italy. According to Aristotle, tragedy has six main elements: plot, characterRead MoreEssay on Compare/Contrast Julius Caesar to Alexander the Great1013 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most brilliant and influential leaders were Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar. The turning points in history they were involved in were their individual conquests and their unfortunate deaths. 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Julius Caesar is so influential decisions made today in the present day idolise him likeRead MoreEssay on Cassius vs. Brutus in Julius Caesar825 Words   |  4 Pages Both Cassius and Brutus play major roles in the play Julius Caesar. Cassius and Brutus both plan Caesar’s death. Although they are working towards a common goal, Cassius and Brutus have very different motivations for doing this. On the one hand, Cassius sees it as a way to gain more power for himself while destroying the king and all his power. On the other hand, Brutus believes that in killing Caesar he is preserving peace for the Romans’ future years. Throughout the play, Shakespeare usesRead MoreThe Play Julius Caesar Performed In The Theatre In The1362 Words   |  6 PagesThe play Julius Caesar performed in the theatre in the round, though captivating left the play confusing in some aspects. In this performance of Julius Caesar the time period was a bit confusion to pick out. Of course the ori ginal is supposed to be depicted in roman times of when there was a republic present as the government, but in many renditions of the play the director has changed the setting. The director of this play, Sara Becker, did not make it easy to pick out the intricate and generalRead MoreBrutus Character Analysis1024 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tragedy of Julius Caesar was written by William Shakespeare, it takes place in the Roman Empire in 44 BC. There was a prophecy that Julius Caesar will be assasinated on the Ides of March (March 15th) made by man called the Soothsayer. Of course this is just swept aside as being nonsense. Soon follows with Cassius trying to persuade Brutus to join the conspiracy for the good of Rome when really he is just using him for his own intentions. The conspirators then assassinate Julius at the senateRead MoreExamples Of Envy In Julius Caesar838 Words   |  4 Pagessome people, power is and envy goes hand in hand with power. This theme is vivid in the pla y Julius Caesar written by legendary playwright, William Shakespeare. Brutus and Cassius, Julius Caesars good friends are envious of the love Casaer is shown by the romans and they are willing to throw aside friendship and loyalty because of envy which propels them into the action of killing Caesar for power and praise. Envy is easy and almost always evident in the hunt for power in Julius Caesar, this is evidentRead More Julius Caesar Essay: Marc Antony’s Power of Persuasion1385 Words   |  6 PagesMarc Antonys Power of Persuasion in Julius Caesar      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeares Julius Caesar, although Marc Antony is allowed to make a speech at Caesars funeral, he must not speak ill of either the conspirators or Caesar.   Antony was infuriated with Caesars assassination, and wants to seek revenge on his killers as well as gain power for himself in Romes government.   He must persuade the crowd that has gathered that Caesars murder was unjust, and turn them against Brutus and Cassius

To What Extent Should We Trust Our Senses to Give Us the Truth Free Essays

To what extent should we trust our senses to give us the truth? Most of the things we know are based on a life-long series of observations and experiments through our own senses. Without our senses, social interactions and critical thinking would be impossible, leaving us only with inexplicable emotions, a close state to nothingness. Despite its significance, however, our senses have limitations ranges from our dependency to language to our own biological limitations. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Should We Trust Our Senses to Give Us the Truth or any similar topic only for you Order Now Human beings are inherently provided with these inevitable limitations. We therefore, as well-educated individuals, must not completely trust our senses as it can easily be deceived. Our dependence on language distorts what our senses are truly getting. In a simple context of analyzing an art piece, for instance in the process of analyzing the nuance of the work, our interpretations of what we see tend to be bounded with the language that we know. Without the use of language, in this context, the art piece will remain abstract in our mind. The emotions that we get from viewing the art piece, for example, can be described with adjectives. In a wider sense, language influences the way we think. I have encountered an experience where my short eyesight (I need glasses to see â€Å"normally†) gave a misleading account to an event. I was in an art convention center with my friend; the place was covered with a realistically structured fake plastic trees. It was part of the art works being exhibited. In the end of the expo I said to my friend, â€Å"Nice right! Such great pieces of art shown there! Especially the trees, how on earth can they grow it to form such structure†. My friend, whose vision is â€Å"normal†, told me that it the trees were forgeries. I wasn’t using my glasses at the moment, If I was then I would’ve reacted differently. Biological capabilities limit what we are able to sense and perceive. There are still many factors such as spacial familiarity, past experience; our tendency to see or hear what we expect rather than what really happen; optical illusions or social and cultural conditioning that aren’t being discussed, but also a limitation of our senses. Although with the chance of getting false knowledge, what important is that we develop critical thinking skills to distinguish between good and bad reasoning. Examining our own perspectives, using our own senses perhaps, and comparing them to those of others and to see what we learn from it is what important rather than abstaining from the pursuit of knowledge due to the limitations of our senses. How to cite To What Extent Should We Trust Our Senses to Give Us the Truth, Papers

Sales and inventory system free essay sample

In an aim for an efficient well-managed inventory management system necessities as today’s society the production of a store billing management system that functions as an easy to check stocks make a reservation of a costumers in what transaction needed of the costumer. They need to have an efficiently inventory management system makes it necessary considering that the same time is business in the making. This inventory management system helps you increase revenue because it saves processing time help to provide better management for checking stocks and stock prices. It can be used to manage daily transactions of a store, which includes billing, check stocks in/out and a complete accounting module. Aside from security concerns, it is also our obligation to give our customers an efficient well-accounted break down of what is due to the management in a specified period of time, thereby, installing an atmosphere of fairness. We will write a custom essay sample on Sales and inventory system or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the advent of today’s technological advancement, the same will be easy realizable. In an epic of today’s technological advancement, it thus necessities to symbiotically needing the help of this technological advancement to be able to effectively manage the said store billing purposely to ensure profit realized return revenue of the capital invested. Therefore, we are motivated to conduct a system study regarding their inventory due to the fact that during inventory, they have encountered a very time consuming transaction and processing of products. Products inventory have been made every week but personnel can’t finish the inventory directly because of manual processing. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework Statement of the Problem The work was aimed towards giving a state-of-the art introduction to synthetic instrument technology; also in order to provide the work an introductory nature. This system was developed by having seen and observed the importance of time in our daily lives and activities. For this reason, saving time is essential to us. In fact, making inventory works is a hard thing and it takes time consuming and exertion of effort especially to the big companies. In view to this, problems arise such as follows: Manual listing of stocks what is left. Manual issuing of receipts. Manual pricing of items. No proper back-up of files. Objectives of the Study To come up with the new method of Inventory managing system that helps you increase revenue that saves processing time and help to provide better management for stocks. Inventory Management software is the modern solution which has whole range of integrated modules to cover every function of store management. To make the operations more easier To make the logs and records can be easily stored in a digital form without any hassles and otherwise necessary paperwork. To make store tasks and jobs, inventory services can be controlled and monitored by a single system. Significance of the study This research program sought to reliable, creates a system/coded program inherent therein that will be used in conceptualizing inventory management system. Further, the herein research project is beneficial to the following persons, as follows: The Entrepreneur. The said coded project helps in providing new avenue of business venturing that will be ensured return of investment. The Researchers. The said research helps the researcher to adapt used of the known techniques of programming in order to bring about the best of them. The Client. The clients doesn’t need to wait for the product they bought, they the most efficient way in buying. Scope and Delimitation of the Study We focus on stocks in/out and pricing system. Making all transactions of the store is operated in computer. This system work particularly focuses on record keeping of Stock In/Out, daily and monthly report for the sales, order, delivery, and return order, and more specific on the following: Record keeping of person who made a transaction and information consisting of Name, Stocks in/out, Payment, and prepared: Pricing -Pricing of specified items. Stocks Checks the availability of the item. Update stocks automatically. Reports checks the daily, monthly record checks the sales orders, delivery and return order Operational Definition of Terms Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES Literature A significant amount of literature is available on inventory systems. A majority of the findings are derived from experiences in the US, Japan and Western Europe. Some inventory systems however, can be affected by variations in local conditions such as infrastructure, customs, duties, and regulations. Hence, it is essential to view such systems in an international context. To frame this research, we will examine the literature on operations in NIC countries followed by an analysis of local conditions in Thailand. A number of articles are available that examine the inventory setups in Singapore, Hong Kong, and Korea (Amsden, 1989). For example, Cheng (1988) and Hum and Ng (1995) examine the workings of Just In Time (JIT) systems in Hong Kong and Singapore, respectively. Other studies related to inventory management include facility location decisions (Sisodia, 1992; Nambiar, fielders, and Van Wassenhove, L. N, 1989; Mathews,1997) and distributed systems. These studies indicate that Thailand is not as industrialized as the other NIC countries such as Singapore, and infrastructure shortcomings play an important role. Next, we will examine the literature on the quality of infrastructure in Thailand. Infrastructure affects both the productivity and effectiveness of manufacturing companies. It has a direct impact on the distribution of raw materials, parts, and finished goods to customers. The few studies focused on Thailand have primarily addressed infrastructural problems in Thailand (Chalamwong, Chalongphob and Wattanalee, 1994; Chalamwong, 1993). In identifying the infrastructure-related problems, Yukio (1990) calls for the Thai government to pay closer attention to transportation systems in their effort to attract more Japanese and foreign investment. Sibunruang (1986) also points to infrastructural constraints having a bearing on the development of the Thai economy. The present government, however, does realizes the importance of infrastructure for the countrys overall economy. In its efforts to improve infrastructure, the Thai government has privatized telecommunication service and has started seeking help from private local and foreign companies to cope with the road shortage. The government has also approved a number of projects for the construction of highways in and around Bangkok. Furthermore, the airports in Thailand are now better managed. Although infrastructure remains a problem, there is a substantial pool of investors looking to open shop in Thailand. Information on production and inventory management practices in Thailand can help managers better understand and identify approaches that might be suitable for their companies operations in that country. As noted earlier, no research on inventory management in Thailand has been undertaken and reported in the literature. The next section presents the methodology used in examining the types of inventory systems employed by foreign companies in Thailand. Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Setting of the Study In conducting this system design eventual implementation, the researchers uses requirement analysis of system designing eventual engineering. Requirement analysis method in programming especially the inventory system is accumulated data gathered from the data gathering phase in order to provide fundamental requirements analysis principles by creating hierarchical representation of system. Further, said method demands for a careful consideration of software as they will provide foundation for the design implementation of the proposed system. Research Design and Procedure of the Study The researcher at first looked for a perspective client for their system study. They have chosen the CBG Cyberlynx and Marketing at Dipolog City and as permission from the manager. Through the consent and supervision of the manager, the researchers were able to conduct a system study out from the said establishment. Upon the consent, a letter request signed by the adviser, and the Dean of the College of Technology was sent to the manager of the CBG Cyberlynx and Marketing. When the letter was approved by the manager, interviews were conducted and questionnaires were administered to know the flow of their transactions and the way the processed it. The researchers then prepared for the research adviser to critic and approval if it was ready for proposal and face to panellist. Data Gathering Procedure

Steinbeck Essays - English-language Films, John Steinbeck, Dust Bowl

Steinbeck Essays - English-language Films, John Steinbeck, Dust Bowl Steinbeck Well in this short report on John Steinbeck I am about to include all of the work that I have done in this class Including my full report on one of his books, a little background on Mr. Steinbeck and many other things, All out of the mind and the computer of Jeremy Slaven. An American author and winner of the 1962 Nobel Prize for literature, John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr., b. Salinas, Calif., Feb. 27, 1902, d. Dec. 20, 1968, based most of his novels on the American experience, often with sympathetic focus on the poor, the eccentric, or the dispossessed. Steinbeck grew up in Salinas Valley, a rich agricultural area of Monterey County and the setting of many of his works, where he learned firsthand of the difficulties of farm laborers. From 1919 to 1925 he studied intermittently at Stanford University but did not receive a degree. His early novels (Cup of Gold, 1929; The Pastures of Heaven, 1932; and To a God Unknown, 1933) aroused little public interest. The latter novel, however, a mystical story of self-sacrifice, is one of Steinbeck's strongest statements about the relationship between people and the land. Steinbeck turned to filmmaking after the film success of The Grapes of Wrath. He wrote impressive screenplays for the Mexican-based The Forgotten Village (1941) and Viva Zapata! (1952), as well as film scripts for his stories The Red Pony (1938) and The Pearl (1947). Another novel and play, The Moon Is Down (1942), about the German invasion of Norway, won critical praise. After World War II, in which he served as a war correspondent, Steinbeck wrote increasingly about social outcasts. Cannery Row (1945) relates the story of a group of vagabonds on the Monterey coast. The Wayward Bus (1947) presents a morality tale about characters who supposedly represent middle-class society. Burning Bright (1950) preached universal brotherhood but was largely unsuccessful. Steinbeck devoted several years to his most ambitious project, East of Eden (1952; film, 1955), which paralleled the history of his mother's family and was an allegorical modernization of the biblical story of Adam. Subsequent novels proved anticlimacticSweet Thursday (1954), a sentimental sequel to Cannery Row; The Short Reign of Pippin IV (1957), a burlesque; and The Winter of Our Discontent (1961), a moralistic tale about a decaying Long Island seaport. Steinbeck wrote popular sketches of his travels in Once There Was a War (1958), Travels with Charley (1962), and America and Americans (1966). He spent many of his later years writing a modern version of Thomas Malory's Morte Darthur, which was published, incomplete and posthumously, as The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights (1976). He has remained popular principally, however, for his compassionate portrayal of America's forgotten poor.(griolers) The works of Steinbeck The Grapes of Wrath (1939) by U.S. novelist John Steinbeck is one of the most powerful chronicles in American literature of the Depression of the 1930s. It deals with the Joads, a family that loses its farm through foreclosure and leaves the Oklahoma Dust Bowl for California in the hope of finding work. The eldest generation has the comfort of religion, the next one has a dogged perseverance, but the youngest has little to believe in. Embittered by the brutal exploitation of migrant workers, Tom, who had been jailed for murder and who later kills again, becomes a labor organizer. In this Pulitzer Prize-winning (1940) novel, Steinbeck alternates his narrative with serious discussion of the problems of migrant laborers.(Groliers) Of Mice and Men (1937; film, 1939), a short novel by John Steinbeck set in Salinas, Calif., has been called Steinbeck's most successful work. The novel deals with two migrant workers: Lennie, a physically powerful but mentally retarded giant, and George, his friend and protector. They share the dream of someday buying a farm together. The dream is shattered when Lennie accidentally kills the wife of a rich farmer and is then sought by a lynch mob. He and George tenderly recall their dream just before George shoots Lennie to save him from the crueler death he will inevitably face at the hands of the mob. The book established Steinbeck as a writer of distinction. It was made into a play shortly after publication. These are just a few of his most

HR Management Organizational Culture Essay

HR Management Organizational Culture Essay HR Management: Organizational Culture Essay Organizational culture can be explained as the sum of beliefs, attitudes, traditions and behaviour of an organization. It is the summation of a company’s goals and the behavioural change of the organization in the process of achieving these goals. It therefore concentrates on human behaviour in organization, how the people interact in the organization and the organization itself (Alvesson, 2002). The arrangement of the organization is also important because it through the structure that issues such as efficiency and effectiveness of the company can be achieved. This is usually done by the process of harmonization and control of the entity. Organizational structure usually deals with issues such as the size, technological aspects, the pattern of activities, strategies, and the concentration of decision making power and also supporting features. It also tries to harmonize these differences for the overall best performance for an organization. People do not work alone but are in contact with other persons and the organization in several ways such as fellow employees, managers, policies and changes put in place by the organization. To make the overall success of an organization, it is necessary to make sure of successful implementation of the policies and harmonization of these factors to the policies and goals. Realistic decision formulation theory: This school of thought puts emphasis on problem identification, action plan formulation, alternative plan formulation and implementation and an overall mechanism for monitoring the progress of the so formulated plans. By going through the problem identification all the way to solution logically helps in proper implementation process of ideas which have been given a proper incubation period to contribute. Decisions made properly will consequently give yield to better results and improve the organization’s performance. According to Plantinga (1993b, 144-145), he put forward the criticism that the level of rationality usually differs from one person to another. Consequently, what appears rational in an organization in respect to another may be different to another. In addition, Plantiga also added that it is in the nature of people to comply with the decisions and rules set within an organization but this does not necessary warrant that they agree with the decisions in regard to the firm. The company can apply the Maslow’s ladder of requirements that was formulated by Abraham Maslow to appeal to the staff, the management needs to concentrate more on what the employees in the firm need. If the management needs the staff to participate in certain activities and behaviour then it should correctly identify and appease the needs of the staff (Maslow, 1954, p. 47). The management needs to identify the needs in a hierarchical order and will need to satisfy the lower hierarchy needs before it proceeds to the next level. Therefore, one cannot achieve self actualization until the lower hierarchical needs are met (McClelland, 1962). By attending to needs such as time to socialise with co-workers and secure work environment only once they have been achieved can the staff achieve better self esteem and hence better staff motivation. Mismatched motivation efforts and hierarchy need then these results to unsatisfied needs and consequently poorly motivated staff. The areas of criticism for this theory may be attributed to the fact that it does not put into consideration the part organizational cultures plays in the success and activity of the firm. The theory also ignores the fact that people who are deprived may still strive to attain self actualization. This is because self actualization is innate in people and this does not necessarily mean that just because one is deprived they cannot attain self realization (Kane-Urrabazo, 2006). How Maslow attained those five categories is also another area that has raised disagreement. The accuracy of the needs and also order of those needs do not include an in depth study of the needs and order from a scientific point of view. There has been no evidence to point of the direction of a study being done by Maslow (Behling Schriesheim, 2001). Another point that is pointed out was the measurements needs. To quantify things such as love, security among other needs is nearly impossible to achieve. In addition, there may be some needs that also overlap like when he states that physical needs and safety needs. These two will have a point of intersection and this can be difficult to tear apart (Kane-Urrabazo, 2006). The personality theory urges that so as to improve group performance, the managers should choose only the staffs that possess the right skills and trait geared more too self achievement. The effort made by a person to ensure that the task at hand is accomplished can be used a san measure of how much they are motivated towards success. Staff with a strong achievement orientation work hard to achieve socially accepted success and activities. Therefore, finished assignment, solved work problems usually means better performance of the organization and a successful one for that matter (Behling, Schriesheim, 2001). The five factor model (openness, extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness) (Rita, Richard, Edward, Smith, Bem Susan, 2000) determines the level of performance across most jobs. It is exemplary good at gauging the level of success experienced at any given company. Staff with higher achievement levels set high individual goals and also put in effort and time so as to achieve them. Individuals with such characteristics are on wonder the one getting promotions in the work place. With a staff with such qualities essentially means a greater successful organization that once goals are set, the employees do not settle until they have been achieved. The leaders can only manage to get such group of people right from the hiring process such as getting people with high score. With such, it is expected that an aggressive bosses will set aggressive goals with their staff and the staff will work hard to achieve them. It should not come as a surprise when you find the same staff going back to class or learning other trades related to the organization (Chavan, 2009). One critic of the hypothesis is that personality conversion in individuals is inevitable. The characters that one meets and interacts with in that course of life modify the personality of a person. In addition, it can be very hard to be certain that those same characteristics in the staff are likely to remain the same after a year (Behling Schriesheim, 2001). In addition, the measurements of these five traits do not necessary give a forecast of the individual behaviour. A person may exhibit the personality of being an extrovert but the reality is that the person is an introvert. This will in turn affect the communication transmission within the organization (Ybema, 2011). On the other hand, the personality of a person is affected by the situation one finds them in. During an interview, a potential employee may exhibit those personalities but upon arrival in the work place, the person is different from the expected (Ybema, 2011). Goal setting theory is perhaps the easiest and common theory of improving staff motivation and improving the company’s performance. The leaders should set clearly the performance goals and objectives and device a systematic way into achieving them. Targets and goals demand attention, effort, development of achievement strategies and exert people’s efforts to achieve them. When the goals set have been attained greater and more difficult tasks are even set (Latham, 1979). A study done by Locke and Latham (2006) showed that specific and difficult goals got higher performance and effort compared to those of do the best you can goals. Devotion to the goals and purposes of the firm was also very important. This is directly proportional to the goals individuals help set so long as the leader had authority, set clear performance levels and had confidence in the staff. Giving a summary on the success and failure of the tasks is also essential. Goals can be set for any activity in an organization such as cost reduction, better service and product quality among others (Locke and Latham, 2006) However, care should be observed to avoiding setting goals that are contradictory because staff can only concentrate only such effort at a time. Goals achieved successfully give the staff a sense of satisfaction and the easier the goals are the easier they are to accomplish compared to more tough goals. A the same time extremely easy goals which require less effort lowers performance compared to more tough jobs (Alderfer, 1972). The manager’s goal accomplishment expectation affects the level of performance by the staff and company in general. Therefore to improve an individual and consequently the organization performance, the management should set high but attainable goals and also show confidence and give support to the staff about the job being done (Doyle, 2001). Criticism of this theory have been that , one, the theory has been over praised as being effective across all jobs in an organization but in reality some organizations do not agree with this. This is because there are some departments that goal setting might not be the best way of getting jobs done (Day, Sin, Chen, 2004). The theory focuses very much on the specific task. By doing this, the staff might spend too much time in trying to get these tasks done but ignoring other aspects of the organization hence negative consequences (Coulehan, 2004). It is the inborn trait of individuals to only concentrate at one job at a time. However, since this theory advocates for multiple, small goals, the staff will still only achieve a goal at a time even if those two goals need to be achieved simultaneously to impact the organization performance (Doyle, 2001). In addition, the time horizon of jobs does overshadow one another. Taking that organizations fix attention on short term jobs, the long term goals will be affected. This was not put in mind in advancing this theory (Latham, 1979). It has not yet been determined if there is a linear agreement between the level of toughness of goals and job performance. There are times when jobs that are tough may lead to unwanted results in the organization. If the employees fail to reach the set targets, it might lead to unwanted effects on them in that they may develop poor self esteem among others (Latham, 1979). Generation of counterpoise scorecards is another theory. Financial performance is not the only way to assess the performance of organizations. By concentrating only on one such indicator will affect the other indicators and will suffer in the long run. It can take a short time to indicate the financial performance of an organization but other key organization indicator performance are little mentioned. They include satisfaction of the customer, turnover of employees among others. According to Norton and Kaplan, setting goals for all of such indicators will results to improved operational and financial performance (Coulehan, 2004). This theory has been critiqued in that it lowers the certainty levels in an ever changing environment. There have been investigations carried out and they do affect the manager’s decisions in regard to budgeting plans. Consequently, strategic planning of operational activities is affected in the long run (Doyle, 2001). Conclusion Therefore, strong organizational culture has a positive correlation with the productivity of the organization, the staff, environment of the workplace and even staff motivation. This can be achieved by a strong incentive programs, fairness in policies and also good leadership. A motivated employee works more and harder, gives better results and also maintains a good attitude than a person who is not motivated. To understand the organizational culture in favour of staff motivation and hence overall improvement in the organization performance, the management requires having an in-depth understanding of the goals, needs and expectation of the staff and also the organization. Policy fairness is very important in creating a safe work place and also a great factor that contributes to motivation and hence improved company performance. Therefore, the way the structure of the organization is determines a lot how the culture will be. Feel free to enjoy professional Management essay help from academic experts at if you need a high-quality custom written paper. We guarantee non-plagiarized papers!

ACCT202 - DVHA - Accounting II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

ACCT202 - DVHA - Accounting II - Essay Example This means that the buttons are stitched onto the right half and the buttonholes are on the left. There could be two or three buttons, which factor has an interesting role to play as I shall show later. Purely as a matter of interest, the item of male clothing that has the maximum number of manufacturing operations done on it is the coat, twenty-seven separate operations (www.stitchworld.net). The best way to put on a coat is to have an assistant standing behind you holding the coat at the level of your neck. He clasps both shoulders of the coat, one in each hand. Using his right hand, he opens up the front half of the right side, so that the armhole is clearly visible and positioned slightly below your right hand. After you slide your right arm fully into the right sleeve, he opens up the left half with the buttonhole slightly above your left arm, so that you have to reach upwards to slide your left arm into the sleeve. I will stop here, as all subsequent actions are the same as those carried out by you without an assistant. When you have to put on your coat by yourself, the best method is to start by laying the coat on its back on a bed. With your left hand, hold the collar facing you (the right collar when worn) between your thumb and the other four fingers and slide your right arm into the sleeve, gathering the coat as you stand up. Bring your bunched left fist up to touch your right cheek, fold your right arm so that you can use the fingers on your right hand to replace the left. Now move your fist backwards towards the center of your neck. This will help you to locate the left armhole with your free left hand. Slide your left arm in. The most widely used method is when you have just a coat and nothing else. Again, with your left hand, hold the collar facing you between your thumb and the other four fingers, but at the spot directly above the center of the armhole. The armhole should be visible to you at a

Employee e-training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employee e-training - Essay Example The new technology is advantageous as it provides easy access to training. It requires collaboration among areas of training, information technology, and top management. For technology in training to be effective, it needs to be designed with good learning principles. Transfer of training can be facilitated by using the technology. For example, Electronic performance support systems (EPSS) are computer applications that can provide, as requested skills training, information access, and expert advice. An EPSS may be used to enhance transfer of training by providing trainees with an electronic information source that they can refer to on as-needed basis while they attempt to apply learned capabilities on the jobs. Imaging refers to scanning documents, storing them electronically, and retrieving them. (Lederer 1993). Imaging is particularly useful as paper files take large volume of space. Moreover, it is difficult to access them. It is easy to access them if they scanned and stored in a database. Software applications make it easy to scan them by using the key search words. Imaging can also be very useful to serve the customers in a better way. Imaging reduces the time to locate a particular file and give the necessary information to customers. It is very useful for Abbott Laboratories given the size and magnitude of the organization. Interactive Voice Technology makes it possible to generate automated phone responses by using computers. It is very useful to answer the frequently asked questions. Every organization is using Interactive Voice Response System wherever it serves best. It is especially useful to answer the most common doubts of the trainees. Employees can directly enroll into training programs, and if necessary by consulting a human resources consultant. Distance learning is useful for geographically dispersed companies like Abbott Labs to provide information about new products, policies, or procedures as well as skills training and expert lectures. The new technologies make the virtual class rooms possible. Distance learning features two way communications between people, and it currently involves two types of technology (Picard 1996). The first one is Video Conferencing. It makes it possible to exchange audio, video or text between two or more individuals at two or more locations. The second type of distance learning includes individualized, personal computer-based training. Employees can participate in training from anywhere in the world by logging on to the website. They can get their doubts clarified by using e-mail, bulletin boards, and conferencing systems. The major advantage of distance training is that the company can save on travel costs. Raymond Noe remarks: Distance training allows employees in geographically dispersed sites to receive training from experts who would not otherwise be available to visit each location. (Noe 2008) However, there are some major disadvantages with the system, says Noe. There is a lack of interaction between the trainer and trainee and technology failures. A high level of interactive feature of training is missing in distance training. Keeping these limitations in view, it can be used effectively in training the employees. For a company like Abbott which has its presence in more than 130 countries around the world.

Secularism in France

Secularism in France ESSAY QUESTION: Discuss the French 2004 Law which prohibits state school students from displaying any religious signs. Briefly introduce the law, explain the reasons why this law was adopted and show how it fits with the principle of secularism in the French Republic. Since the French Revolution in 1789 and the law established in 1791, requiring the state to be neutral and all public and church matters to be totally separate, France has been considered a secular state. France has been incredibly strict on this law since it was established, believing that neutrality meant equality, which is one of the main principles in France. After a rather long period of time, the government in France eventually brought in a set of laws referred to as the Jules Ferry laws. These laws declare that all state schools are required, in buildings, staff and curriculum to be secular, no signs of religion to be shown at all. This led to the adoption of the 2004 law stating that all conspicuous signs of religion in school were to be banned. A law that arose from a crisis which started in the late 1980’s, where Muslim girls were wearing the headscarves which represented their religion in a state school. While mostly unopposed in France, the introduction of this law brought about some controversy, within France itself and around the neighbouring countries. This essay sets out to explain the 2004 law, and the reasons why it was adopted. It also intends to explore how this law fits in with France’s principles on secularity, and equality. The law that president at the time, Jacques Chirac signed off on 15th of March 2004, came into effect on 2nd September 2004, the beginning of the new school year. This law prohibits any forms of religious signs being worn in schools. Because within the law itself, there is no referral to any specific signs, the law prohibits everything, including but not exclusive to, Christian, Muslim, and Jewish religious symbols. The official name for this law is, in English, Law No. 2004-228 of 15 March 2004 regulating, in accordance with the principle of secularism, the wearing of symbols or clothing denoting religious affiliation in schools, colleges and public high schools[1]. The title of the law itself is very specific, thereby tying off the loophole that existed in the previous laws, in which the crisis began in the first place. The deep roots of the secular state of France comes from the French revolution in 1789. Before this period France was ruled by an absolute monarchy, meaning that the king and only the king had all the power to rule the country. There were no limits to how the king could rule, so frequently, kings abused that power. The king, during this period of time ruled, as he and the church believed, as a favour to God, and so the church was highly involved with the way the king ruled. After the revolution, the way the country was ruled was changed in a very large and impacting way, the state became secular, â€Å"the king now ruled by the will of the people, and not by the grace of god† (Jones 1994) France was also now ruled under the new constitution, as a constitutional monarchy, and as a republic. The people now had a rather large say in how their homeland was controlled. The constitutional monarchy brought in many new laws for how the king could rule for example, if a new law was to be passed it had to go through a series of councillors before it got to the king himself. This new constitution involved a bill for the new rights of men and citizens (excludes women and slaves). This allowed for all men and citizens to be born and remain free; this involves freedom of religion and freedom of speech, for all men and citizens to be equal; this involves equality of property ownership, and equal taxes, and lastly the republic is one and indivisible; which includes national sovereignty and the state being secular. Nearly a century after the start of the revolution, new laws came into government by the means of a man called Jules Ferry. Ferry is best known for his educational laws, which were brought in in 1882. These laws state that education for state schools in France was to be free of charge and compulsory for children aged between six and thirteen years old, and all state schools had to be secular. â€Å"Ferry’s ‘schools without God’ were bitterly opposed by the churchmen†¦ †¦Yet despite their contested beginnings the schools proved one of the most enduring cultural achievements of the early Third Republic.† (Jones 1994), this goes to show that although there was an opposition for these schools at first, they became very successful, and it was a strong support for the secularity principles of France. This practice seemed to work without a hitch for over 100 years. In 1989, a problem occurred that needed to be addressed by bringing in a new law which eventually came into effect in 2004. The issue that arose was, in 1989 three young female students were expelled from their state school which they attended near Paris, for wearing their religious head scarves to school and refusing to remove them. They even persisted to wear them during physical activity periods, and this seemed to be extremely unnecessary. This seemingly harmless act in the students eyes, led to their expulsion. It was a complication, because teachers and headmasters did not know how to deal with this issue, as it had never occurred before, so it was decided upon as the students had broken the law they were to be expelled. Many people found this disciplinary act excessive, and it caused a great uproar, involving young female students all over the country to wear their headscarves to school as well. Because of the la rge scale of unhappiness of the people of France, the news was all over this case, which led the High Administrative Council to realise that some higher form of discipline had to happen to regain control of the state. This was the key issue that led to the development, and adoption of the law in 2004. The students most likely thought their act was acceptable, because of one key mistake in the Jules Ferry Laws of 1882. These laws only refer to the buildings, curriculum and staff to be secular at all times. There is no mention of students at all. Therefore, the three students who inadvertently started the conflict in 1989 obviously saw this as a loop hole, and that nothing was wrong with what they were doing. Which in terms of the law, there wasn’t. It mostly came down to the fact that the French people had a very ‘set in stone’ opinion on the way the country should be, in regards to the way that they were interpreting the laws. The past events of the country led it to become secular, and the people of France believe that this consists of everything. Even as the new law has come in, there are still certain places which are not actually stated in the laws at all, like universities and private schools, the laws on this subject are rather specific. The wearing of headscarves in public places in France could be viewed as a negative also because of the links that it has with Islamic fundamentalism. Though most of the 5 million Muslims, or 8.3%[2] of France’s population, practice moderate religion, there are is a small percent of those who are fundamentalists and are using the steady increase in the Muslim population to their advantage. France battles severely with the fear of having terrorist attacks on its hands from people of its own soil e.g. Algeria and also attacks from Saudi Arabia. Although there is an option for people to attend religious private schools in France, there have been some cases where organised Islamic militant groups have forced young female students to wear the headscarf to school in order to pressure other girls to do the same. There have also been cases of withholding these students from certain classes in school which the groups believe are against their beliefs. This is an example of another just reason of why the law was adopted. On the other hand, although there were many reasons for adopting this law, there were also many reasons against. One of these reasons was, the adoption of this new law faced a lot of opposition from other nations- on an international level. One of the opposing nations was Britain. A great deal of British Muslims were against the adoption of this rule, many taking on the belief that it contradicted France’s law of religious freedoms. The British government were also on board â€Å"in condemning the French for trying to ban religious headwear and symbols in state schools† (Adenekan 2004). The ban faced all sorts of opposition, even from other religious divides in Britain, saying that it was among their basic rights as humans to wear symbols of their religion. Many believe that is part of their identity, and taking that away will cause divides in the community. Another nation which is severely against the law is United States. The nation of the United States believes that students can wear their religious symbols in schools without challenging the secularity of the state. One of the biggest problems that America has with this law is that it does not allow the integration process, â€Å"In this view, banning headscarves in public schools is meaningless in the face of problems that are primarily social and economic.† (Vasse 2004). The United States holds a similar secular principle, but the primary purpose for this adoption was to make sure that the government would not interfere with church business, to keep religion protected from the state, not the other way around. There were groups of people who were backing the law because of the women’s rights. They thought that the Muslim women who were having to wear the religious headscarves made the women inferior, as their rights were oppressed heavily by the men, and their religion. Some could argue the other side of this argument though, it is said that when the protests occurred when the law was first on the cards in 2004, the women who turned up to protest all claimed to wear their headscarf of their own free will. This shows the diversity of the way people reacted to this law being brought in, there were many reasons for the law to be brought in, and just as many reasons to oppose it. The law fits in very well with the secularism principles of France, and a key example of this is the French motto itself, which is still used today in modern day society, Libertà ©, à ©galità ©, fraternità ©, meaning liberty equality and fraternity. The reasons for this law fitting in with these principles are stated under the declaration of rights for citizens and men that were established during the revolution in 1879. The first, Libertà ©, states that all men should have freedom of religion. The laws which France has relating to religion, is to ensure that all citizens and men have that right to their own religion. This way there is no stat church so no real pressure on citizens to conform to the normal religion. That in part is what this new law is trying to fit to, to make sure that students do not feel pressured, or offended for that fact, because everyone has different belief. The option for religious students to go to a private religious school, means that there is no real excuse for the behaviour that caused the adoption of the law in the first place. The way that the French society stands, is that there is options for everyone, to fit with the principles that the state runs by, for religious freedom. There are those who will argue that people should be able to express their religious freedoms everywhere, but it is fair to say that this just does not simply fit with France’s secularity principles, if it was the case to express religion everywhere there would be too many complications. It is clear to see from the evidence that France may have had no other choice but to adopt this law. As the only way to regain control of the country, and as a way to keep to the principles and practices of the French state. After the adoption of this law, there was talk of Germany taking on similar laws. It is plain to see that although there were many protests against the law at first, the country runs smoothly with it in place, and it creates a blanket of peace, and keeps the majority of people happy. The problem of religious symbols being worn in schools was resolved by the ruling of this law, which won in government by the majority of the vote. A country that has similar principles as France is New Zealand. In New Zealand there is more leniency within the laws, as in New Zealand it is not against the law to wear religious symbols in public, but it is a secular country all the same. â€Å"France is not the only Western country to insist on the separation of church and state but it does so more militantly than any other† (Astier 2004). This is reflected in the current events of France. After the introduction of this law, it was thought that the conflict of the wearing of religious symbols in public schools was resolved. But recent news stories have revealed a new perception on what religious symbols actually are, and how other innocent pieces of clothing and appearances are being viewed. A very recent news story on BBC states how â€Å"France is facing a fresh backlash against its strict secular policy after it emerged a 15-year-old Muslim girl was sent home from school because she was wearing a long black skirt.† But the harsh reality is, how can a long skirt be considered a religious symbol? There are plenty of non-religious people who wear skirts, whether they be long or short, as an everyday item of clothing. The real questions are ‘where is the line defined with the extent of what a religious symbol is?’ and ‘when is enough, enough?’ Bibliography Adenekan, Shola. 2004. British criticism of headscarf ban. February 12. Accessed May 03, 2015. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/3477109.stm. Astier, Henri. 2004. The deep roots of French secularism. September 01. Accessed April 13, 2015. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3325285.stm. Britannica, Encyclopaedia. n.d. Jules Ferry. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc. Accessed April 29, 2015. France, Law department of. 2004. Law No. 2004-228 of 15 March 2004 regulating, in accordance with the principle of secularism, the wearing of symbols or clothing denoting religious affiliation in schools, colleges and public high schools. 09 01. Accessed 04 30, 2015. http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000417977dateTexte=. Jones, Colin. 1994. Cambridge Illustrated History Of France. Cambridge University Press. Lyon, Dawn, and Deborah Spini. 2004. UNVEILING THE HEADSCARF DEBATE. Legislative note, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Unknown. 2015. France outcry over Muslim schoolgirls skirt ban. 04 29. Accessed 05 01, 2015. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-32510606. —. 2004. French MPs back headscarf ban. 02 10. Accessed 04 29, 2015. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3474673.stm. —. n.d. The official website of france. Accessed 04 30, 2015. http://www.france.fr/en.html. Vasse, Justin. 2004. Veiled meanng: The French Law banning religous symbols in public schools. Research report, Washington: The Brookings Institute. [1] Name of law acquired from http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/ on 24 April 2015 [2] Estimated number, retained from the work of Vasse page 3

Macro and Micro Environmental Analysis of Waitrose Supermarkets

WAITROSE ASSIGNMENT INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING MARKET RESEARCH CONTENTS INTRODUCTION —————————————– MACRO ENVIRONMENT POLITICAL ———————————————- ECONOMICAL ——————————————- SOCIAL ————————————————- TECHONOLGICAL—————————————- ENVIRONMENTAL—————————————- MICRO ENVIRONMENT SUPPLIERS———————————————- IN TERMEDIARIES—————————————- FINANCIAL———————————————– GOVERNMENT——————————————– THE COMPANY——————————————- EMPLOYEES———————————————- CUSTOMERS——————————————— COMPETITORS——————————————- MEDIA—————————————————- PUBLICS————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- SWOT ANALYSIS—————————————– CONCLUSION——————————————– APPENDIX———————————————— BIBLYOGRAPHY—————————————— INTRODUCTION The food retail industry in the United Kingdom is an extremely competitive market. The major players in the industry all have tremendous purchasing power and are constantly fighting to increase market share. Like any other industry though they are affected but factors which are both within their control as well as outside. In this report we will first be focusing on the macro environment of the UK supermarket industry where we will review external issues such as politics, economy, technological, social/demographic and environmental factors. From this analysis we can gain insight into how supermarkets react to changes that are beyond their control and how they can often turn these changes into business opportunities. The second part of this report will be looking at the supermarket chain Waitrose. Through this we analyse the micro environment whereby we look at factors such as suppliers, intermediaries, financial, government, the company, customers, employees, competitors, media, and publics. The micro environment is what makes up a company and all aspects must run efficiently and effectively for a business to succeed. Based on the findings of the Waitrose micro environment we are then able to evaluate the companies strengths and weaknesses as well as their opportunities and threats. MACRO ENVIRONMENT Political The supermarket industry is affected by many varying political factors. New legislation and decisions from Governing bodies that regulate the industry aim to ensure that all business within the sector is conducted fairly and with the economy suppliers and consumers best interest in mind. Most legislation on food standards originates from the European Commission which consolidates legislation across the EU. The Competition Commission, a non departmental governing body, are responsible for investigating mergers, markets and inquiries related to regulated industries under competition law (Competition Commission No Date),. Competition Law which was introduced in 1998 promotes healthy competition, and bans anticompetitive agreements between firms such as agreements to fix prices or to carve up markets, and it makes it illegal for businesses to abuse a dominant market position (Office of Fair Trading, 2007). In 2009 the Competition Commission issued an amended and improved Grocery Supply Code of Practice (GSCOP) with hopes of providing greater security to suppliers. To help regulate legislation and the GSCOP an independent financial ombudsman was established in 2010 to resolves problems between retailers and suppliers (Sourceuk 2009). When a supermarket wishes to build or extend a site a ‘competition test’ would be carried out on the retailer and an assessment made to ensure that local shops don’t lose out to the large chain supermarkets domination an entire area (Competition Commission 2009). Price fixing is illegal under the competition act of 1998. When participants on the same side of the market (such as the big 4 in the UK supermarket sector) agree to sell a service, product or commodity at a fixed price it’s the consumers who must pay while retailers and suppliers reap the benefits. There are extremely heavy penalties for price fixing in the UK You can be fined, disqualified from being a director – or even sent to prison (Business Link No Date). Minimum wage laws will always affect supermarkets as generally many of their staff would be paid minimum wage. Under the National Minimum Wage Act of 1998 all employers must pay their employees a certain amount per hour as set by the UK Government. The main rate of National Minimum Wage which applies to workers aged 22 and over and is currently ? 5. 80 per but will raise ? 5. 93 in 2010 (Directgov 2010). There are many laws in the UK and EU which are designed to protect the environment. However there are two main Acts which were made to consolidate as many issues as possible, these are the Environmental Protection Act 1990 and the Environment Act 1995 (Hartshorne. J,1996). DEFRA is the UK government agency which is responsible for setting legislation and guidance on a number of environmental issues (DEFRA, No Date). Some important legislation which applies to supermarkets include laws on waste and recycling, genetic modification, and Climate Change which are all covered under these acts. Office of Public Sector Information No Date) Economic The economic situation at any given time will always affect market conditions. As the economy continually fluctuates between periods of economic growth and periods of relative stagnation (also known as an economic cycle) factors such as changes to interest rates, exchange rates, inflation and purchasing power will directly and indirectly affect th e supermarket industry (Tutor2u, No Date) In 2008 the UK had entered the recession stage of the economic cycle. Interest rates dropped from 5% to 0. % in an effort to increase consumer spending (Mintel 2009, Market Re-forecasts – Food – UK). And while this would initially appear to be a gain for supermarkets, other factors of the recession such as wide spread unemployment and bankruptcies saw this sector of the market having to revise their marketing strategies in order to weather these changes to the economy (Mintel 2009, Market Re-forecasts – Food – UK). In 2009 trading was down with consumers eating less ready meals and opting for own brand rather than premium products (Mintel 2009, Food Retailing UK – Broader Market Environment). This is just one of the many changes to consumer purchasing that changed and will continue to change as the economy tries to recover. According to The Office of National Statistics (2010) unemployment dropped by 33000 since then end of 2009 and the economy grew by 0. 1% a possible indication of the UK slowly emerging from the recession (BBC News 2010). However this will be the beginning of a recovery which could take at least another two years. As interest rates still remain at an all time low of 0. % (BBC News 2009) supermarkets will start to see an increase in spending from consumers as their confidence in the market returns (Mintel 2009, Market Re-forecasts – Food – UK). Inflation has only become a recent issue in the UK economy. Rising fuel prices, a few poor harvests and the weakness of the sterling has seen inflation accelerate between 2006 and 2008 (Mintel 2009, Food Retailing UK – Broader Market Environment) (Appendix 1). The implications of this for supe rmarkets are that it erodes the purchasing power of money which in turn means the price of imported good will rise. However a positive result of rising inflation, which at times reached over 10% also, meant that food price increases boosted sales value (Mintel 2009, Food Retailing UK – The Market In Context). A trend for customers trading down rather than reducing quantity enables sales value to rise fast enough to cover cost growth (Mintel 2009, Food Retailing UK – Sector Size and Forecast). The recession as a whole has had a very mixed effect on the supermarket industry. At the beginning of the recession in 2008 consumers drastically cut back on purchases from retailers such as Waitrose and Marks and Spencer. However by December 2009 Waitrose was the fastest growing supermarket chain while Aldi was on the decline. This is believed to be due to more expensive supermarkets introducing own brand products into their stores and selling them at a lower price to their standard products (Keynote 2010, Food Industry – Industry Overview). Social It is essential for supermarkets to understand the current sociocultural environment as any changes will affect their customers’ needs and wants. (Brassington & Pettitt 2006) According to Mintel (2009) the ageing population will have a negative effect on the supermarket industry with there already being more retired people than children, with this level set to increase (Appendix 2). This will affect the industry as older people tend to eat and drink a lot less than their younger counterparts but also treat themselves less as well. This decline in basket size will have long term effects for the industry over time as they are less efficient to service and require more staff (Mintel 2009, Food Retailing – Broader Market Environment) A worrying trend which has emerged in the last several years has been the increase in obesity among children and adults in the UK with 60% of the UK population being overweight (Office of National Statistics, Health and Social Care, 2010) Poor quality convenience foods, labour-saving technology, increased car use and more people doing sedentary jobs are just some of the reason the country is getting bigger. However despite this increase in obesity the U. K population on a whole is far more health conscious than in previous years (Keynote 2010, Food Industry – Industry Overview). There has been a trend away from genetically modified foods towards organic foods and an increased the customer desire for healthy alternatives. The government and other health organisations are working with supermarkets and manufacturers to help consumers make healthier choices when shopping. (Keynote 2010, Food Industry – PEST Analysis). According to the National Office for Statistics (2010) The UK population is increasing at an alarming rate with figures showing the population of the United Kingdom to be at 61383000 in 2008. This is up 0. 7 per cent since mid 2007. Increases in births, decreases in death and a sharp rise in migration to the United Kingdom have all contributed to the change in population (Office of National Statistics, Population Estimates 2010) Statisticians have said that at least 70 per cent of the population rise over the next 20 years will be attributable directly to immigration (Office of National Statistics, Migration 2010). The supermarket industry needs to reflect the needs of the changing population. With more people with different cultural backgrounds residing in England it is essential that the needs of these new consumers are being met by supermarkets in order to retain market share (Keynote, Food Retailing – UK 2009) The over powering proposition of the â€Å"everything under one roof† format has been a major factor in the demise of the small independent grocer, butcher and green grocer in recent times thus replacing the high street as the focal point of community life (IGD 2009, Non-Food Retailing). Declining meal preparation consequent to demographic changes such as an increasing number of single-person households and working women is forcing UK retailers are to focus on added-value products such as the booming ‘food-to-go† sector (Keynote 2010, Food Industry – PEST Analysis).. These demographic changes have also affected consumer work patterns with retailers modifying aspects of the customer shopping experience to accommodate changing lifestyles. Supermarkets are now flexible in opening hours as well as adding extras such as Thursday late night shopping and free parking facilities (Keynote 2010, Food Industry – Industry Overview). The recession in the UK has changed the population’s attitude towards the foods they purchase. Britons have developed a sophisticated customer preferences and demands for greater choice and comfort in the shopping experience but for lower prices. Supermarket own brand products have been on the incline as their ranges often offer great value for quality products. (Keynote 2010, Food Industry – PEST Analysis). Technological Recent technological advances have enabled supermarkets to provide customers with a quicker, easier and more enjoyable shopping experience. In recent years we have seen the introduction of online shopping, self check outs, product scanning and forecast technology which has changed the dynamics of how people shop. One of the most influential technological changes to happen to the supermarket industry in the past few years has been the introduction of internet shopping. The online grocery market is currently worth ? 4,4 billion having doubled in the past 4 years (Mintel 2009 – Online Grocery Retailing) and is set to reach ? 7. 2 billion buy 2014 according to research industry analyst IDG (Appendix 3). This is a major new opportunity for retailers and the UK offers a good market for this with the highest percentage of people online across the EU (Just Food 2009). New scanning device designed to be used by shoppers to scan products as they shop and then simply paying at a self serve checkout using the scanned date are a new introduction to the industry. Scales are then used at point of payment to weigh shopping against weight data which is provided when the product is scanned. This ensures much shorter queuing times for customers (Waitrose 2010) New communication technology such as the introduction of scanners which provide price labels and barcodes for any stock that needs to be reduced has enabled more sophisticated store management. The scanners minimise unsold food as well as check out productivity, which saves time and reduces waste. (Retail Systems 2010) Advances in forecasting software such as that developed by SAS and purchased by Waitrose in 2006 will help forecast demand for product based on the history of the item, casual variables, events and holidays. (SAS 2006) The introduction of self check outs into supermarkets has bought many advantages to both the supermarket sector and its customers. This technology allows customer to scan barcodes on their won items thus eliminating interaction with supermarket employees. While they are a relatively new concept, having only become wide spread in 2003 they have been accepted as a faster, more efficient and private way to shop. Through self check out systems supermarkets are also able to reduce staff requirements and save money (Goliath 2005) Environment With the environment becoming an important topic over the last several years it has been essential for supermarkets to meet the demands of both the Government and their customers with regards to addressing environmental issues. This has proved to be both a challenge as well as a business opportunity for the major players in the industry, who strive to try and reposition themselves as leaders in responsible sourcing, sustainability, climate change issues and recycling (Donohue. A 2007). Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing the world today. The UK government has a long term plan to reduce emissions by 80% by 2050 (Department of Energy and Climate Change – A Low Carbon UK 2008). The Climate Change Bill and the Committee on Climate Change influence have raised consumer awareness of climate change which put pressure on the supermarket industry to meet their environmental obligations (Department of Energy and Climate Change – Legislation 2008). Many UK supermarkets are now part of a government initiative known as the Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP). WRAP works with the food industry is an effort to reduce food and packaging waste. Retailers who have signed the Courtauld Commitment (a voluntary agreement between companies and WRAP) agree to have absolute wastage reduction by 2010 (WRAP No Date). The Food and Drink Federation (FDF) with its green agenda for food and drink manufactures also play a key role in helping companies reduce emissions and waste as well as cutting the amount of packaging that reaches households (FDF No Date). The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) works with the government and consumers in an effort to reduce waste through recycling and composting of household waste (DEFRA No Date). This has created more consumer awareness and this new found awareness puts pressure on food retailers to meet waste reduction targets (Appendix 4). Waitrose currently puts into practice the use of the three R’s (reduce, reuse and recycle) to divert waste away from landfills (Mintel 2008 – Ethical and Green Retailing) Sustainable sourcing has become a very real issue with consumers over the past few years with a demand for supermarkets to ensure that their produce such as fish and meat are from sources that can be replenished. Another form of sustainable sourcing is for supermarkets to source their produce locally rather than importing from overseas. This has a huge impact on carbon use as well as a significant impact on creating sustainable economies in our local communities (Mintel 2009 – Influence of the Environment on Food Shopping). MICRO ENVIRONMENT Suppliers Behind its 18,000 different products, Waitrose is supplied by 2500 firms in over 60 countries. The majority of them are small scale and regional producers. Waitrose’s main aim, to offer high quality product, is the base of its plan to source goods from the areas where it trades. For example, that will show the real taste of British food with its regional variety. Furthermore people will have easy access to buy local food and support its local economy. Regardless of the small or big producers, Waitrose aim to work with decency and respect in long term with its suppliers. It wants to help its suppliers to reach their objectives by ensuring them that it will keep the integrity or quality of the suppliers’ product. For this reason, Waitrose wants its producers to use recognisable and with the best quality ingredients for the food, not a list of chemicals such as stabilisers or preservatives. Waitrose. com. â€Å"The Waitrose Small Producers Charter†) To succeed in that approach, the company presented a new Waitrose Locally Produced range, which will aim to offer the best local quality food and great customer service to its customers. The difference between Waitrose and the other UK retailers is the co-ownership of company by its staff, not the publ ic shareholders who only demand for quick and profitable return of their investments. It allows it to make long term growing plans and continuing relationships with its producers in order to face its great customer’s expectations. Waitrose. com. â€Å"The Waitrose Small Producers Charter†) In order to prove their support for small local producers, Waitrose teamed up with The Times to create â€Å"The Small Producers Awards† in 2001. For example, its first year category winners will receive ? 7,000 in cash, plus access to Waitrose business and marketing expertise. (Waitrose. com. â€Å"The Waitrose Small Producers Charter†) Moreover, in relation to the UK Recession, followed by the consumer downturn, Waitrose asked 1000 suppliers to cut their prices with 2%. The request was addressed mainly to suppliers of branded food and farmers in UK. The managing director Mark Price explained company’s decision with the fall in commodity prices, which makes suppliers’ raw material cheaper. Furthermore he states that the Waitrose’s market growth will lead the suppliers to sustain profit, which they should share with their biggest buyer. Moreover John Lewis Partnership’s decision was forced by the annual report of the company, which unveiled 26% fall in pre-tax profit for 2008 to ? 279. 6m. (Telegraph website, 12/03/09) Intermediaries By rewarded as the UK’s favourite retailer for 2007 and 2009, Waitrose main aim is to sustain its loyal and respectful relationship with its suppliers and partners. It is the main intermediary of its own branded goods. Furthermore, Waitrose nurture long-term relationships with its suppliers, paying the fair price and helping them to reinvest in their business. It is the most established local sourcing initiatives in its sector. All Waitrose shops have a regional offering, which covers in excess of 465 producers supplying over 1,400 product lines. In order to ensure its support for UK suppliers and in response to customer feedback, Waitrose has developed new shelf-edge ticketing, which emphasise the county, origin and unique qualities of each product. (JLP annual report 2009) Moreover, Waitrose cooperate with other intermediary companies in order to transfer the produced goods from its supplier to the customers. Its main distributor is the online supermarket delivery company Ocado. It operates mainly in Greater London, covering over 3 million households. Their relationships evolved in 2002 when John Lewis Partnership bought 29% of Ocado’s shares. In addition, their contract will expire in 2013. Apart from Ocado, Waitrose has established an own online delivery in over 100 stores. (JLP annual report 2009) Financial In difference from the other UK retailers, Waitrose isn’t owned by public shareholders and the City. In stead of cruel shareholders, whose fixed idea is to gain profitable quick returns, Waitrose is a part of John Lewis Partnership, which is owned by its workers. Each year, every partner share company’s profits, which in others retailers go to the shareholders. This organisational system makes extraordinary commitment and loyalty amongst its labour. Furthermore company could praise itself with partners who worked with it for many years. This system makes its workers to be interested in what they are doing and selling. For that reason the often good remarks of the customers about the customer service are not surprising, because every worker in the local store do in fact own the store. (Waitrose website. â€Å"The Waitrose Difference†) Moreover, an interest public fact is that Waitrose holds a Royal Warrant with Her Majesty The Queen. This means that company is chosen to supply the Royal Family with goods for five years. Moreover, Waitrose held the long-lasting Warrant with Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. That is a significant evidence for the great quality that Waitrose has been offering through the years. (Waitrose website. â€Å"The Waitrose Difference†) Government As an established responsible and reliable retail company, Waitrose aim to consider and follow government policy. It is in a consistent relationship with any local government, discussing key issues which affect its partners, customers and communities in which it operates. Furthermore it is an active member of government policy advisory groups, such as Climate Change Leaders Group, British Retail Consortium and Retail Energy Forum. (John Lewis Partnership website, â€Å"Engaging our stakeholders†) Moreover, Waitrose cooperate with local authorities during planning and construction of all its new shops. It wants to ensure that its new stores are built responsibly and will operate sustainably in order to diminish its impact on the environment and the local community. (John Lewis Partnership website, â€Å"Engaging our stakeholders†) Lastly, Waitrose and its parent John Lewis Partnership work closely with regulators such as â€Å"Environment Agency† and â€Å"Health & Safety Executive† to inform that the Partnership do all its best in compliance with the law. In any case of legal issue occur, it respond immediately, and cooperate with the local regulator to resolve the problem as quickly as possible. (John Lewis Partnership No Date, â€Å"Engaging our stakeholders†) The Company Waitrose stems from a small grocery shop called ‘Waite. Rose & Taylor’ founded by Wallace Waite, Arthur Rose and David Taylor; the small grocery shop opened for business 1904. Four years on the founders decided to rebrand the company in 1908 by changing the company name to ‘Waitrose’, which is a combination of two of the founders’ surnames. The Waitrose Company desired changed once again so joined ‘The John Lewis Partnership’ 1937, whereby 160 Waitrose employees became ‘partners ‘or co-owners of the business (Waitrose No Date – The Company). The John Lewis partnership is formed by 70,000 partners (staff) who co-own John Lewis department stores, Waitrose supermarkets, an online and catalogue business (John Lewis Direct-johnlewis. om), a direct service company (Greenbee), three production units and a farm. (The John Lewis Partnership No Date) (John Lewis Partnership CSR Report 2009, Page 5) ‘The Waitrose difference’ Waitrose focuses operation around offering the best quality goods and have adapted their daily producers, to make shopping easier to suit all by offering a distinctive service; such as packing at checkouts, carry to car service and assists to those that required it; it is this that they believe gives them the edge over other supermarkets (Waitrose No Date – The Waitrose Difference) Waitrose has an exceptional return policy whereby customers will receive their full money back, if they genuinely pursed t a product they didn’t require or a customer is not one hundred percent happy with the product. It is this edge that provides Waitrose with long lasting loyal customers that trust the supermarket they shop in. As well as food products Waitrose offers ‘Branch Extras’ at selected stores; enabling customers to rent wines glasses, beer glasses and fish kettles free of charge as a friendly jester(Waitrose No Date – The Waitrose Difference). Waitrose commitment to provide outstanding produces and services has been credited with a Royal Warrant from Her Majesty the Queen; Which is a mark of recognition of those that supply goods or services to members of the Royal Family for at least five years(Waitrose No Date – The Waitrose Difference). Employees Waitrose employees are also co-owners and form part of the John Lewis Partnership; the John Lewis Partnership aims to employ exceptional staffs that are dedicated to putting the consumers’ needs first whilst delivering excellent customer service. The John Lewis Partnership aims to keep the happiness of its employees at the heart of the partnership and uses a blend of five key elements to do this: †¢Work/life balance – employees are encouraged to keep a equal balance of work and play to support this the partnership offers ; flexible hours, career breaks, long leave, a flexible retirement policy . †¢Competitive pay and benefits – the partnership aims to maintain a pay policy which is competitive while being fair to all partners and offers a range of partners benefits from discounts and bonus to life insurance. Filling potential – the partnership gives all their employees the chance to reach their full potential and required all employees to ender go compulsory training. There partnership also allows employees the opportunity for promotion and career development programs. †¢Fair treatment – the partnership treats all its employees fair and provides equal opportunities for all, regardles s of age, gender, ethnicity, social background, religion and disability or sexuality. Powered by our Principles (PboP) – these are six principles sets out to inform employees of what is expected from all them; be honest, give respect, recognise others, show enterprise, work together and achieve more (Waitrose No Date – Our Employees) Customers ‘The John Lewis Partnership aims to deal honestly with customers, securing their loyalty and trust by providing outstanding choice, value and service. ’ (John Lewis Partnership CSR Report 2009, pg 4) Waitrose dominates a niche market were its target customers are believed to be affluent with a more flexible disposable income. They are associated with the middle classes along with high class food and fantastic customer service. Their repeat custom is formed, as the consumer seeks a well established supermarket they can trust and complete their weekly shop in a supermarket that’s driven by high quality fresh food. (Mintel 2009 – Food Retails Waitrose) A loyal Waitrose customer will complete their weekly shop unconditionally every week in there local Waitrose store; however if they need a product unexpectedly they will use a convenient store as a one off it is it nearer in location. Typical Waitrose customers are considered to be; affluent with a more flexible disposable income, middle to high classes, working professionals and health focused consumers (Mintel 2009 – Food Retails Waitrose). In addition another important factor that adds to ‘the customer’ that shops at Waitrose supermarkets is the location of the stores; as Waitrose stores are based more South/East England and areas that are frequently referred to as ‘posh’, where people are financially comfortable (Mintel 2009 – Food Retails Waitrose). Waitrose strive to maintain exceptional customer service and are always constantly evaluating their services to unsure they are fulfilling their consumer needs. Waitrose uses a range of formal methods of research and feedback, such as customer surveys, panels, focus groups, online feedback forms and regular mystery shopping to gather sufficient evidence to monitor their customer service and performance necessary action if required (John Lewis Partnership No Date – Customer Service) Competition Waitrose occupies up to 4% of the UK grocery market, this compares with the largest food retailer in England today is which is Tesco’s who hold a massive 30 % share of the market. In the UK today every ? 1 in every ? 7 of consumer spending is spent in one of Tesco’s stores. Tesco specializes primarily in food and drink with its Value and Finest ranges that we all know well, but it has also become a major player in a range of non-food markets including consumer electrical, clothing, financial services, telecoms, fuel and internet services amongst others. In 2008, Tesco launched a new ‘Discount Brands’ range, which is geared towards consumers seeking to trade down but not ready to compromise on quality. The new range appears to have halted the drift of customers to Aldi and Lidl. Tesco’s sheer scale means it has been able to lower prices on the back of large volumes. Tesco’s has different types of stores every one of them targeting different consumers, tesco express for example, the smallest one in the range, is designed to be a convenience shop where the costumer can Top-up (Mintel 2009 – Food Retail Tesco). Other major players are Asda, Sainsburys and Morrisons with Asda taking up to 17% of the market. Asda has a similar range of product to Tesco but opened up the clothing market in supermarkets but presenting its own brand known as George at Asda. Asda, part of Wal-Mart, directs its main focus on price, primarily targeting the lower end of the mass-market although the current climate is increasing demand for discount items from a variety of consumer groups. In terms of consolidated sales, in 2008 the company was the third largest grocer in the UK although when fuel sales are removed Asda moves into second place behind Tesco but above Sainsbury. What has really set Asda apart from its rivals in the food sector in the UK has been its lack of convenience store activity. While Tesco and Sainsbury’s have attacked the c-store sector very aggressively, Asda has been happy to maintain its larger big-box stores enabling them to maintain a presence out of town. (Mintel 2009 – Food Retail) Waitrose occupies a relatively small but nevertheless very strong portion of the market with its closest supermarket being Marks and Spencer. Both of these supermarkets aim at a quality rather than quantity market with prices generally being higher than the larger supermarkets Marks and Spencer holds approximately 3. 9% of the grocery market. The main differences between of the two chains is that Waitrose holds 18% of organic food ranges and sells none Waitrose brand products whilst Marks and Spencer sells just its own made brand. Marks & Spencer is the UK’s leading non-food retailer, but food has long been a part of its heritage. The company trades from a premium positioning, emphasising quality and value. Dry groceries are only a small part of the offer, with the company instead focusing on ready prepared meals, fresh items and foods for special occasions. The food range is available from specialist Simply Food convenience stores as well as the larger general merchandise outlets. (Mintel 2009 – Food Retail – Marks & Spencer). In the food retail industry we find that there are two different orientated companies, price orientated and customer orientated. Waitrose aims at the customer orientated market and this has generally held them in good stead. The recent recession was a testing time for the company but their strong brand name appears to have weathered the storm and it has successfully retained its position. Media Waitrose takes its promotion and advertising seriously and has a very organised and wide range of media publicity. On they own website they have options to find press releases and press packs and it is optional to sign up to receive daily updates regarding Waitrose. They have affirmed their commitment by appointing Grand Union as the lead digital agency for Waitrose. The agency will relaunch the brand's website Waitrose. com, as well as produce digital marketing for Waitrose Deliver, the brand's online grocery shopping service. Waitrose uses television and advertising extensively to promote its products and services and has announced recently that celebrity chefs Delia Smith and Heston Blumenthal will join forces in a collaboration that will see them appear in TV, press and online advertising for the grocer (Waitrose 2009) The company website now provides an option to find all the recipes that have been used on the show. In addition John Lewis, the stores sister brand, has launched a glossy customer magazine, which will be made available in all Waitrose stores, with an initial print run of 500,000. The launch is backed by an in-store marketing campaign (Mintel 2009 – Food Retail).. Publics The company takes its public and social responsibilities very seriously and its basic philosophy is as follows:- â€Å"As a responsible retailer, owned beneficially by our employees, we believe that the long-term future of the Partnership is best served by respecting the interests of all our stakeholders: Partners, customers, suppliers and the wider community. We look actively for opportunities to improve the environment and to contribute to the wellbeing of the communities in which we trade. (Waitrose Feb 2010 – Press Centre) In 2008, Waitrose was the first UK food retailer to begin using Anaerobic Digestion (AD), a process which eliminates the need to send waste food to landfill sites. (Waitrose Feb 2010 – Press Centre). Waitrose commits at least 1 per cent of pre-tax profits to charitable and community projects. They are also committed to providing support to overseas disasters through the British Red Cross and are involved in over 100 projects involving 16,000 people in South Africa; rolled out to Ghana and Kenya. Their target is to increase activities in the field referred to above and to actively encourage participation in Sport and physical exercise in the UK. They have already diverted 50 per cent of their total operational waste food away from landfill and their goal is to divert 95 per cent by 2013. Waitrose is set to launch an environmental initiative inviting customers to suggest eco ideas that it can implement into the business. â€Å"Your Green Idea† was launched on 15 March 2010, following a soft launch of the website. It is clear that Waitrose is very committed to its social and public responsibilities and have a proven track record to support their mandate SWOT ANALYSIS Internal Strengths Waitrose was one of the first retailers to develop own brands (after Mark’s and Spencer). Their own brand line carries over 18000 products including 117 lines in their ‘Perfectly Balanced’ range which promotes a fresh and healthy lifestyle for their customers (Mintel 2009, Food Retail UK – Waitrose). Waitrose differentiates itself strongly from other supermarkets. They have a more defined range of products with focus on high quality food and up-market products. They are extremely customer orientated and place great emphasis on customer service as one of their unique selling points (Mintel 2009, Food Retail UK – Waitrose). According to a survey by Which Waitrose is the leading supermarket chain in food quality and range. Only ASDA was rated better than Waitrose for value for money (Which 2008) Having owned their own farms for over 70 years Waitrose prides itself on working with its farmers, growers and suppliers directly to ensure that only the highest quality food from the most ethical and environmentally friendly sources reach they consumers. This is supported by its own inspections and farm assurance schemes (Waitrose No Date – Origin of our Food). Waitrose was the first ever winner of the title Organic Supermarket of the Year and have over 16 awards for wine purchasing and retail. These are just some of the many awards that have been claimed by Waitrose over the past several years (Waitrose Various Dates – Press and Awards). Waitrose also holds a Royal Warrant with Her Majesty the Queen to supply goods to members of the Royal Family (Waitrose No Date – The Waitrose Difference). Waitrose was the first to introduce self-scanning (Quick Check) in some stores, which demonstrates a willingness to innovate and offer a high service and reducing costs. Recent technological innovations that have been introduced in stores include: printers which provide price labels and barcodes for any stock that needs to be reduced and hand held devices available to shoppers to use as a self scanning system. (Thompson. S 2010). The partnership with John Lewis gives Waitrose tested supplier links and economies of scale. Waitrose would struggle to achieve the success it has today without the help of the partnership. The partnership also functions as a conglomerate therefore diversifying risk. The association with John Lewis improves Waitrose’s reputation (John Lewis Partnership No Date). Waitrose has a strong culture of co-ownership due to the fact that it’s not owned by shareholders but owned by everyone who works for the partnership. Their staff are generally well motivated because they are partners and profits ultimately come back to them. Various other benefits (such as pension schemes) are what make Waitrose a good employer, with satisfied employees. Waitrose No Date – The Waitrose Difference) Internal Weaknesses The distribution of the Waitrose stores is quite weak, especially in certain areas such as the south west of England, Wales, North-West of England, and Scotland. However their acquisition of 13 Somerfield stores has lead to an expansion of distribution into the North of England and Wales (Chesters. L Property Week 2009) Own labels are the main segment within th eir product mix. Waitrose is very dependent on this product range with a majority of sales coming from its own brand. Larger diversification would be helpful to gain better strength in the market (Mintel 2009 – Brands: Are Supermarkets Squeezing Out Brands) Waitrose also has the weakness of only supplying high quality, high price products. This could be seen as a negative factor due to the exclusion of an entire demographic of people in the lower class of the population who could be potential customers. However they have recently made attempts to increase their target demographic through the introduction of an economy range branded as Waitrose Essentials. This shows they have recognised a potential for expansion and this can lead to further developments in the future (Finch, J March 2009) External Opportunities Further expansions throughout the UK would be useful to raise the importance of the firm, gain market share and, weaken the competitors buying their own branches and improving e-commerce. Also further acquisition of competitor stores such as the Somerfield stores purchased by Waitrose would lead to increased market share (Chesters. L Property Week 2009). Waitrose has an elaborate online shopping facility in place; however, this as well is subject to regional limitation. Expansion of distribution channels for online shopping facilities would help Waitrose get their products to customers who live outside areas where branches are located. Setting up new partnerships with other companies will grant higher incomes because both companies could be able to buy larger amount of products with cheaper prices. New Partnership could also help Waitrose to diversify into other non-food products other than those that John Lewis already offers. Waitrose has recognised this opportunity (All Business, No Date) External Threats A major part of Waitrose strategy on sales has been built on the sale of premium own brand products. Marks & Spencer, Tesco and Sainsbury’s have identified the sales of premium own brands as a lucrative segment with high margins and all three have a wide selection of premium products in store. Tesco and Sainsbury’s advertise on price which gives the perception of their products still being of a lower quality than those sold at Waitrose (Mintel 2008 – Premium Foods – UK) The recession while perceived to be coming to an end still has the potential to generate many problems for Waitrose. When interest rate rise this year people will have less disposable income and may start to buy cheaper products and so shifting from Waitrose to other cheaper retailers. This could result in a loss in consumers’ loyalty and this would give direct advantages to competitors (Mintel 2009 – Food Retail) Also due to the weakened sterling there is a possibility that overseas groups could enter the market and increase competition generating the reduction of incomes and market share for each player (Keynote 2010 – Food Industry) CONCLUSION The supermarket industry has gone through some important changes over the past few years. From our analysis of the macro environment we can see some main issues have affected the food retails sector. Environmental issues are now at the forefront of everything companies do, with consumers not only demanding more for their money but more for the environment as well. Technology has seen the internet open up a whole new way of shopping and while it’s still the early stages there is great promise for the internet as a medium for food purchases. Society is changing in a way that will affect how people shop in years to come. Now with more people from different cultural backgrounds residing in the UK than ever before supermarkets must act fast to meet the new needs of a changing society. New legislation has stopped many key players in their tracks with plans for expansion as a new financial ombudsman now has the last word on whether a supermarket can expand in a certain location. The recession has had a major impact of the supermarket sector over the past couple of years. It has been the driving influences to a lot of changes which have been occurring in most of the major food retailers. While the supermarket industry is relatively ecession proof their customers are not and this has seen consumer trends of trading down and buying less. An analysis of the internal structure of Waitrose shows us a very strong company with high moral grounding and a passion for customer service. They may not have such large market share as the ‘big four’ but they are growing at a rapid pace and with the addition of their new ’Essentials’ range to their portfolio they are preparing to enter a whole new main stream market. They pride themselves on having great relationships with employees and suppliers and are at the forefront of environmental issue such as sustainable ethical sourcing. Waitrose is a company that is heading in the right direction and while they are not without their weakness’s, distribution being a key factor, they are adept at recognising where improvements can be made and building towards a higher market share. APPENDIX Appendix 1 – http://0-academic. mintel. com. emu. londonmet. ac. uk/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show&/display/id=395621/display/id=496165? select_section=496166 Appenix 2 – http://0-academic. mintel. com. emu. londonmet. ac. uk/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show&/display/id=395621/display/id=496166? select_section=496167 Appendix 3 – http://0-academic. mintel. com. emu. londonmet. ac. uk/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show&&type=RCItem&sort=relevant&access=accessible&archive=hide&source=non_snapshot&list=search_results/display/id=418439/display/id=480340? select_section=480342 Appendix 4 – http://0-academic. mintel. com. emu. londonmet. ac. uk/sinatra/oxygen_academic/sear ch_results/show&/display/id=394656/display/id=442497? select_section=442498 BIBLYOGRAPHY MACRO ENVIRONMENT Social Brassington. F and Pettitt. 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